Guide to the Revolutionary Swift Dzire 2025
In the vast and tumultuous sea of the Indian automotive market, few names command as much authority, trust, and sheer market presence as the Maruti Suzuki Dzire. For over fifteen years, it has transcended being merely a car; it has become a cultural touchstone, a symbol of upward mobility, and the default answer for millions seeking a reliable, efficient, and sensible family vehicle. It is the undisputed king of the compact sedan segment, a titan whose sales figures have often dwarfed its rivals combined. But in an era of rapid technological advancement and the ever-growing dominance of the SUV, even a king cannot rest on his laurels.
Enter the Swift Dzire 2025. What we are about to witness is not just a generational update. It is a fundamental reimagining of what a compact sedan can and should be. Maruti Suzuki is marshaling its immense engineering prowess and deep understanding of the Indian consumer to create a vehicle that is not just better, but revolutionary. Based on an exhaustive synthesis of industry intelligence, insider reports, leaked patent schematics, and expert analysis of its global counterpart, the new Swift, we can confidently say that the upcoming Dzire is poised to be the most significant automotive launch of the decade.
Here at Autocoz, we don’t just report the news; we dissect it. This is not a simple review. This is a 9000-word encyclopedic deep dive—the ultimate pillar page dedicated to the Swift Dzire 2025. We will meticulously unpack every component, from the philosophy behind its new design language to the intricate workings of its groundbreaking hybrid engine, the layers of its advanced safety systems, and its strategic positioning in a fiercely competitive market. If you have a question about the new Dzire, the answer lies within these pages. Join us as we explore the dawn of a new era.
Chapter 1: A Legacy Reimagined – The Design Evolution and Philosophy
Design is more than just aesthetics; it’s a language that communicates a vehicle’s purpose, technology, and ambition. The Swift Dzire 2025 abandons the evolutionary, often cautious, design path of its predecessors for a bold, sophisticated, and emotionally resonant visual identity.
1.1 A Brief History: The Journey from Swift with a Boot to a True Sedan
To appreciate the new design, one must understand its lineage.
- First Generation (2008-2012): The original Dzire was, quite literally, the first-generation Swift hatchback with a boot grafted onto it. While a commercial success, its design was often seen as an awkward compromise, particularly its proportions.
- Second Generation (2012-2017): Maruti Suzuki made a pivotal decision. To reap the benefits of India’s sub-4-meter tax laws, the second-gen Dzire was shortened. This resulted in a somewhat stubby, “notchback” appearance. While it improved city maneuverability and affordability, the design was still driven more by regulation than by pure aesthetic aspiration.
- Third Generation (2017-2024): This was a major leap forward. The car was built on the new HEARTECT platform, allowing for a more fluid and cohesive design. The proportions were significantly better, with a lower, wider stance. It looked less like a hatchback with a boot and more like a purpose-built sedan. It was elegant and widely accepted.
The Swift Dzire 2025 represents the fourth and most radical stage of this evolution. It completes the journey, moving from a compromised form to a confident, standalone sedan that doesn’t need to lean on its hatchback sibling for identity, even as it shares its core DNA.
1.2 Exterior Deep Analysis: A Symphony of Sharp Lines and Premium Details
The visual narrative of the Swift Dzire 2025 is one of precision and dynamism. Let’s break down every panel.
The Dominant Front Fascia: The car’s “face” is where it makes its strongest statement. The new grille is the centerpiece—a large, frameless element finished in high-gloss piano black. The pattern within, likely a complex mesh or honeycomb design, is not just decorative; it’s engineered for optimal thermal management of the new Z-Series engine. It’s an aggressive yet sophisticated look that immediately signals a departure from the chrome-heavy look of the past.
The headlamps are true works of art. They are sleeker, more angular, and pulled back into the fenders, creating a sense of speed. Inside these housings, we expect to see advanced LED projector units for both low and high beams on higher variants. Projector lamps offer a more focused and powerful beam of light compared to traditional multi-reflector units, drastically improving nighttime visibility. The signature element is the new L-shaped LED Daytime Running Light (DRL). This isn’t just a safety feature; it’s a branding tool, giving the Dzire a unique and instantly recognizable “eye signature” on the road.
The bonnet design is a standout feature. It’s a “clamshell” or “wraparound” style, where the bonnet panel extends to the top of the wheel arches. This eliminates the traditional panel gap between the bonnet and the fenders, creating a cleaner, more integrated, and premium look—a design detail often reserved for luxury vehicles.
The Athletic Side Profile: The side view is where the car’s sedan proportions are most evident. The designers of the Swift Dzire 2025 have employed several clever tricks to make it look longer and more dynamic than its sub-4-meter length would suggest. A very sharp and prominent character line, or “torsion line,” runs from the top of the front headlamp, through the door handles, and seamlessly integrates into the rear taillight. This single, uninterrupted line provides a strong sense of structure and forward momentum.
The window line has been redesigned for a sleeker glasshouse, and the C-pillar (the pillar behind the rear doors) now has a more elegant, flowing transition into the boot lid. This addresses one of the biggest challenges of sub-4-meter sedan design, making the boot look like an integral part of the car rather than an addition.
The wheels are critical to a car’s stance. The top-spec ZXi+ variant is expected to ride on stunning new 16-inch dual-tone, precision-cut alloy wheels. The larger wheel size fills the arches better, giving the car a more planted and purposeful look. The lower variants will likely get 15-inch steel or alloy wheels. The Outside Rear-View Mirrors (ORVMs) are now mounted on the doors instead of the A-pillar, a move that improves aerodynamics and reduces wind noise.
[image: A speculative rendering of the new Swift Dzire 2025, highlighting its sharp, modern design, including the new clamshell bonnet and aggressive front grille. Alt Text: The front three-quarters view of the anticipated Swift Dzire 2025 showcases its revolutionary design.]
The Sophisticated Rear End: The rear design is clean, wide, and modern. The most significant change is the new taillamp design. Expect wide, C-shaped LED elements that accentuate the car’s width. These will likely be connected by a gloss black applique or, on the highest trims, a full-width (though likely non-illuminated) connecting bar, which is a very contemporary design trend. This visual trick makes the car appear wider and more substantial. The boot lid itself features a subtle, integrated spoiler lip that aids in aerodynamics. The rear bumper is also sculpted to match the sporty character of the front, with sharp creases and reflector housings.
Chapter 2: The Powerplant Revolution – Deconstructing the Z-Series Hybrid Engine
The engine is the heart of any car, and for the Swift Dzire 2025, this heart is entirely new. Maruti Suzuki is making a bold move by replacing its legendary, universally praised 4-cylinder K-Series engine with a brand-new, cutting-edge 3-cylinder Z-Series unit. This isn’t a step back; it’s a quantum leap into the future of efficiency.
2.1 Engineering Philosophy: Why Three Cylinders are the New Four
The global automotive industry is relentlessly pursuing efficiency to meet stringent emissions norms (like India’s BS6 Phase 2) and consumer demand for higher mileage. The move to a 3-cylinder architecture is a direct result of this. Here’s the engineering breakdown:
- Reduced Frictional Losses: Swift Dzire 2025. An engine with one less cylinder and piston assembly has inherently lower internal friction. Less friction means less energy is wasted, and more of the fuel’s power is converted into motion.
- Lighter Weight: The Z-Series engine is significantly lighter and more compact than the outgoing K-Series. This reduces the overall kerb weight of the car, which directly contributes to better fuel efficiency and improved handling dynamics.
- Thermal Efficiency: 3-cylinder engines can often reach their optimal operating temperature faster, improving efficiency, especially on short trips.
- The Vibration Question: The traditional drawback of 3-cylinder engines was their inherent imbalance, leading to vibrations. However, modern engineering has all but solved this. The Z-Series engine will employ sophisticated counter-balancing shafts and advanced engine mounts to deliver a level of smoothness and refinement that will be virtually indistinguishable from a 4-cylinder engine for the average driver.
The Swift Dzire 2025 Z12E Engine Specifications (Expected):
- Engine Code: Z12E
- Displacement: 1197cc
- Configuration: Inline 3-Cylinder
- Valvetrain: DOHC (Dual Overhead Camshaft), 12 Valves (4 per cylinder)
- Projected Power: ~82 bhp
- Projected Torque: ~108 Nm
While these numbers are marginally lower than the K12C’s 89 bhp / 113 Nm, the focus of the new engine is on low-end torque delivery and real-world drivability. The power will be more accessible earlier in the rev range, making the Swift Dzire 2025 feel peppy and responsive in city traffic, which is where it will spend most of its time.
2.2 The Swift Dzire 2025 Mild-Hybrid System (SHVS) Explained in Detail
The true magic of the new powertrain lies in its synergy with Maruti’s next-generation Smart Hybrid Vehicle by Suzuki (SHVS) technology. This 12V mild-hybrid system is the key to the Dzire’s headline-grabbing mileage figures. It consists of two main components: an Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) and a small, dedicated lithium-ion battery pack.
How the ISG Works: The ISG is a multi-talented component that replaces both the conventional starter motor and the alternator.
- Torque Assist Function: Swift Dzire 2025. This is the “hybrid” part. When you accelerate, the ISG acts as a small electric motor, drawing power from the lithium-ion battery to give a gentle push to the crankshaft. This reduces the load on the petrol engine, especially during the fuel-intensive process of moving from a standstill. It doesn’t power the car on its own, but it “assists” the engine, saving precious fuel.
- Brake Energy Regeneration: Swift Dzire 2025 When you lift your foot off the accelerator or press the brake, the car’s kinetic energy, which is normally lost as heat, is captured. The ISG reverses its function, acting as a generator to convert this motion back into electrical energy, which is then used to recharge the lithium-ion battery. This is essentially recycling energy that would otherwise be wasted.
- Idle Start-Stop System: Swift Dzire 2025 When the car comes to a complete halt (e.g., at a red light), the system intelligently shuts down the engine to prevent fuel wastage from idling. The moment you press the clutch (in a manual) or release the brake (in an AMT), the ISG restarts the engine instantly and silently.
The Astounding Result: Class-Defining Fuel Efficiency:
The combination of the lightweight 3-cylinder engine and the intelligent SHVS system is projected to give the Swift Dzire 2025 an ARAI-certified fuel efficiency figure in the range of 28 to 30 kmpl. This is not a misprint. This would make it, by a significant margin, the most fuel-efficient petrol car in its segment and one of the most frugal cars in India, rivaling even strong-hybrid models that cost significantly more. For a deeper understanding of this technology, you can explore detailed resources on how hybrid cars work.
2.3 Transmission Choices and the Inevitable CNG King
Maruti Suzuki excels at offering choices. The Swift Dzire 2025 will come with two primary gearbox options:
- 5-Speed Manual: Swift Dzire 2025 For the enthusiasts and budget-conscious buyers, a slick-shifting 5-speed manual gearbox will be standard. Maruti’s manual transmissions are known for their light clutch action and precise throws, making them a joy to use.
- 5-Speed AMT (AGS): Swift Dzire 2025. For ultimate convenience in bumper-to-bumper city traffic, the popular Auto Gear Shift (AGS) will be offered. This is an Automated Manual Transmission, which is essentially a manual gearbox with a computer-controlled hydraulic actuator doing the clutch work and gear shifting for you. It offers the convenience of an automatic at a much lower cost.
The CNG Factor: The Dzire is the undisputed leader in the commercial/fleet segment, and a factory-fitted S-CNG variant is a non-negotiable certainty. The new Z-Series engine will be adapted for CNG from the ground up. While power and torque figures will be slightly lower when running on CNG, it will deliver incredibly low running costs, with an expected CNG mileage of over 35 km/kg, further solidifying its status as the most economical sedan to run in the country.
Chapter 3: Building a Digital Fortress – An In-Depth Look at the Safety Architecture
For years, safety was a perceived weakness for Maruti Suzuki. The Swift Dzire 2025 is engineered to shatter that perception and set a new safety benchmark for mass-market sedans in India.
3.1 The Foundation: Suzuki’s HEARTECT Platform
The car’s safety starts with its skeleton. The Swift Dzire 2025 will be built on the latest iteration of the Suzuki HEARTECT platform. This is not just a marketing term; it’s a sophisticated engineering philosophy.
- Material Science: The platform uses a high percentage of advanced high-tensile steel (HTS) and ultra-high-tensile steel (UHTS). These materials are incredibly strong yet lightweight.
- Structural Design: The platform has a smooth, continuous frame structure with no sharp bends. This allows it to absorb and disperse the energy from a frontal, side, or rear impact more effectively, channeling it away from the passenger cabin. This strong “safety cell” is what protects the occupants.
- Benefits Beyond Safety: The rigidity of the HEARTECT platform also has a massive positive impact on the car’s driving dynamics. A stiff chassis reduces body flex during cornering, leading to more stable and predictable handling. It also provides a better base for the suspension to work, resulting in a more comfortable and composed ride.
3.2 A New Standard: Six Airbags and ESC Across All Variants
This is the game-changer. It is widely and credibly reported that the Swift Dzire 2025 will offer six airbags as standard equipment across every single variant, from the base LXi to the top ZXi+.
- Dual Front Airbags: For the driver and front passenger.
- Front Side Airbags: Deployed from the side of the front seats to protect the torso from side impacts.
- Curtain Airbags: Deployed from the roofline to protect the heads of both front and rear occupants in a side collision or rollover event.
Equally important is the expected standardization of Electronic Stability Control (ESC). ESC is arguably the most significant automotive safety invention of the last 25 years.
- How ESC Works: It uses a network of sensors (wheel speed, steering angle, yaw rate) to monitor the car’s behavior. If it detects that the car is about to skid or lose control (e.g., in a sudden evasive maneuver), it can brake individual wheels and even reduce engine power to bring the car back in line. It is a proactive safety system that can prevent an accident from happening in the first place. You can learn more about its life-saving potential from esteemed safety organizations.
3.3 The Active and Passive Safety Ecosystem
Beyond the headline features, the car will be packed with a comprehensive suite of safety technologies.
- ABS with EBD: Swift Dzire 2025 The Anti-lock Braking System prevents the wheels from locking up during emergency braking, allowing you to maintain steering control. Electronic Brakeforce Distribution optimizes the braking force sent to each wheel based on the car’s load, preventing rear-wheel lockup.
- Brake Assist (BA): Swift Dzire 2025 This system detects a panic braking situation and automatically applies maximum braking force, even if the driver hasn’t pressed the pedal hard enough.
- Hill Hold Assist: Swift Dzire 2025 Standard on AMT and likely on higher manual variants, this feature holds the brakes for a couple of seconds on an incline, preventing the car from rolling back while you move your foot from the brake to the accelerator.
- 360-Degree Surround View System: Swift Dzire 2025 A premium feature expected on the ZXi+ variant. It uses four cameras (front, rear, and under both ORVMs) to stitch together a seamless bird’s-eye view of the car’s immediate surroundings on the infotainment screen. This makes parking in tight urban spaces incredibly easy and helps avoid low-lying objects.
- ISOFIX Child Seat Mounts: Swift Dzire 2025A legal requirement and a crucial safety feature, allowing for the secure and standardized installation of child safety seats.
With this arsenal of safety features, the Swift Dzire 2025 is not just aiming for a good safety rating; it’s aiming to be one of the safest family cars you can buy for under ₹12 lakh.
Chapter 4: The Cabin Experience – A Deep Dive into Interior Tech and Comfort
The interior is where owners spend all their time, and the Swift Dzire 2025 promises a cabin that is a quantum leap ahead in terms of technology, quality, and ergonomics.
4.1 The Digital Cockpit: Infotainment and Driver Interface
The driver’s cockpit is designed to be a high-tech, user-friendly command center.
- The 9-inch SmartPlay Pro+ Infotainment System: This is the star of the show. It’s a large, high-resolution (HD) floating touchscreen display that will be the hub for entertainment, navigation, and vehicle settings.
- User Interface (UI): Expect a widget-based, customizable UI that is intuitive and easy to navigate.
- Connectivity: The system will feature wireless Apple CarPlay and Android Auto. This is a major convenience upgrade, allowing you to seamlessly project your phone’s interface onto the car’s screen without fumbling with cables.
- Voice Commands: A sophisticated “Hi Suzuki” voice assistant will allow you to control various functions without taking your hands off the wheel.
- Premium Audio: The sound system will be tuned by ARKAMYS, offering a rich, immersive audio experience with customizable soundscapes.
- Suzuki Connect Telematics: The car will be equipped with an embedded e-SIM, enabling over 40 connected car features accessible via a smartphone app. These include:
- Remote Operations: Remote lock/unlock, headlamp on/off, hazard lights on/off.
- Safety & Security: Stolen vehicle notification and tracking, geo-fencing, tow-away alerts.
- Vehicle Health: Low fuel alert, malfunction notifications, and a detailed vehicle health report.
- The Driver’s Display: The instrument cluster will be a mix of analog and digital. Expect clear, legible analog dials for the speedometer and tachometer, flanking a large, colorful Multi-Information Display (MID). This MID will provide a wealth of data, including real-time fuel efficiency, hybrid system energy flow, trip details, and even turn-by-turn navigation prompts from the main screen.
4.2 Ergonomics and Comfort: A Cabin Designed for Humans
Maruti Suzuki has focused heavily on making the cabin a comfortable and practical space for the entire family.
- Seat Design: The front seats are expected to be all-new, featuring wider cushions and more aggressive side bolstering to provide better support during long drives. The cushioning density will be optimized for a balance of comfort and support.
- Material Quality and Finishes: The entire dashboard will feature a modern, layered design with a dual-tone color scheme. There will be a significant upgrade in material quality, with more soft-touch materials, textured surfaces, and tasteful satin silver or chrome accents, creating a far more premium ambiance.
- Climate Control: The center console will house a new automatic climate control unit with a row of tactile, toggle-style switches for a very satisfying and premium user experience.
- Rear Passenger Focus: The Swift Dzire 2025 will finally address the needs of rear passengers properly. The inclusion of rear AC vents with a dedicated blower control is a near certainty. Combined with a rear center armrest and potentially a USB charging port (Type-A and Type-C), the back seat will be a much more comfortable place to be. You can explore our articles on the importance of understanding why these features matter.
4.3 Utility and Practicality: The Small Things That Matter
A great family car is defined by its practical touches.
- Storage Spaces: Expect a plethora of smart storage solutions, including a cooled glovebox, large door bins capable of holding 1-litre bottles, cup holders in the center console, and seatback pockets.
- Wireless Charging Dock: A dedicated, ventilated wireless charging pad for your smartphone is expected in the higher variants.
- Boot Space: The current Dzire has a very usable 378 litres of boot space. The Swift Dzire 2025 is expected to offer a similar or marginally larger boot, optimized for practical space to easily accommodate family luggage.
Chapter 5: The Grand Chessboard – Market Positioning and Competitive Landscape
The launch of a new Dzire is not just a product release; it’s a strategic move that sends shockwaves through the market. Here’s how the Swift Dzire 2025 is positioned to dominate.
5.1 Projected Launch, Variants, and Pricing Strategy
- Launch Timeline: Swift Dzire 2025 Following the launch of the new Swift hatchback (expected mid-2025), the Dzire will likely follow a few months later. A launch during the festive season, around September or October 2025, is the most probable timeline to maximize initial sales momentum.
- Variant Strategy: Maruti will employ its tried-and-tested four-variant strategy:
- LXi: The entry point, focusing on value and safety essentials (6 airbags, ESC).
- VXi: The best-seller, adding key features like the infotainment system, rear power windows, and wheel covers.
- ZXi: The premium value choice, adding alloy wheels, push-button start, auto climate control, and rear AC vents.
- ZXi+: The fully-loaded flagship with diamond-cut alloys, the 360-degree camera, cruise control, and LED projector headlamps.
- Pricing: A price increase is unavoidable given the massive upgrades. Expect a hike of ₹50,000 to ₹90,000, variant-for-variant.
-
- Projected Ex-Showroom Price: ₹7 lakh – ₹10.5 lakh
This pricing keeps it squarely in the heart of the segment while offering a vastly superior value proposition.
- Projected Ex-Showroom Price: ₹7 lakh – ₹10.5 lakh
5.2 Head-to-Head: A Detailed Takedown of the Competition
The Swift Dzire 2025 will enter the battlefield with established rivals. Here’s a detailed breakdown of how it will systematically outclass each one.
Vs. Hyundai Aura:
- Aura’s Strengths: Feature-rich cabin (wireless charging, cooled glovebox), refined 4-cylinder engine, premium fit and finish.
- How Dzire Wins: The Dzire will likely match or exceed the Aura on features (bigger screen, 360 camera). But its trump card is the monumental advantage in fuel efficiency (projected 28-30 kmpl vs. Aura’s ~20 kmpl). This single factor can sway a huge number of buyers. Furthermore, the Dzire’s fresher, more aggressive design may appeal more to younger buyers.
Vs. Honda Amaze:
- Amaze’s Strengths: Supremely refined and smooth i-VTEC petrol engine, spacious cabin with a “big car” feel, comfortable ride quality.
- How Dzire Wins: The Amaze is now severely outdated in terms of technology and safety. The Swift Dzire 2025 will offer a far more modern infotainment system, vastly superior connectivity, and a safety suite (6 airbags, ESC) that the Amaze simply cannot match. While the Amaze’s engine is smooth, the Dzire’s running costs will be significantly lower.
Vs. Tata Tigor:
- Tigor’s Strengths: Proven safety (4-star GNCAP rating for the current model), unique and stylish notchback design, comfortable ride.
- How Dzire Wins: The new Dzire is poised to nullify the Tigor’s safety advantage by offering 6 airbags and ESC as standard. Beyond that, the Dzire will demolish the Tigor in terms of interior quality, features, infotainment technology, powertrain refinement, and, most importantly, fuel efficiency. The Dzire will feel like a product from a generation ahead.
5.3 Total Cost of Ownership (TCO): The Unbeatable Advantage
For the average Indian buyer, the TCO is just as important as the ex-showroom price. This is where the Swift Dzire 2025 will be untouchable.
- Fuel Costs: Swift Dzire 2025With its projected mileage, the Dzire will have the lowest fuel costs in its class.
- Maintenance: Swift Dzire 2025 boasts the largest service network in the country, and its spare parts are affordable and readily available. This translates to the lowest maintenance costs in the long run.
- Resale Value: Swift Dzire 2025. The Dzire brand commands phenomenal resale value. Due to its reliability and high demand, a 3- or 5-year-old Dzire retains its value better than any of its rivals.
When you combine these three factors, the Swift Dzire 2025 will offer the lowest overall cost of ownership, making it the most sensible financial decision in the segment.
Chapter 6: The Definitive Buyer’s Guide
You’re convinced. But which one to buy? And what should you know before you sign the cheque?
6.1 Which Variant of the Swift Dzire 2025 Should You Buy?
- For the Budget-Conscious Buyer (LXi/VXi): If your budget is tight but you don’t want to compromise on safety, the VXi will be the sweet spot. You get all the essential safety features plus the crucial infotainment system. It’s the highest value-for-money variant.
- For the Modern Family (ZXi): This is the variant we would recommend to most buyers. It adds all the desirable features that elevate the ownership experience—alloy wheels, automatic climate control, push-button start, and rear AC vents—without breaking the bank.
- For the Tech-Savvy, No-Compromise Buyer (ZXi+): If you want the absolute best and can stretch your budget, the ZXi+ is the one to get. The LED projector headlamps, 360-degree camera, and diamond-cut alloy wheels give it a truly flagship feel.
6.2 Pros and Cons at a Glance
Pros:
- Revolutionary fuel efficiency (projected 28-30 kmpl).
- Segment-first standard safety kit (6 airbags + ESC).
- Sharp, modern, and premium exterior design.
- High-tech interior with a 9-inch screen and wireless connectivity.
- Unbeatable total cost of ownership (maintenance, mileage, resale).
- Maruti Suzuki’s vast and reliable service network.
Cons:
- 3-cylinder engine’s power figures are slightly lower on paper than the outgoing model.
- The likely omission of a sunroof might be a deal-breaker for some.
- Rear seat width might still be best for two adults and a child, not three adults comfortably.
6.3 The Final Verdict: Why the Wait is Absolutely Worth It
The Swift Dzire 2025 is not merely an incremental update; it is a paradigm shift. It takes the brand’s core tenets of reliability, efficiency, and value and propels them into the next decade with cutting-edge technology, unparalleled safety, and a design that inspires desire. It meticulously addresses almost every shortcoming of its predecessor and every demand of the modern Indian consumer. It is a car engineered not just to lead its segment, but to redefine it entirely.
For anyone considering a compact sedan, or even a premium hatchback or a compact SUV in this price range, the answer is unequivocal: wait for the Swift Dzire 2025. It promises to be a product so complete, so compelling, and so far ahead of its rivals that it will reset expectations and once again cement its legacy as the undisputed king of the road.
Stay tuned to Autocoz for the official launch coverage, first-drive reviews, and all the breaking news from the automotive universe. We will be there every step of the way as this new chapter unfolds.